航空发动机的智能神经网络自适应控制研究

针对结构复杂、模型不确定、强非线性的航空发动机对象,提出一种综合模糊推理、神经网络自适应和PID简单控制各自优点的控制方案.在改进模糊PID控制器的基础上,进行了新型智能型神经网络控制器的设计,并提出离线混沌蚁群优化与在线误差反传调整相结合的优化方法.应用具有良好泛化能力的最小二乘支持向量机进行系统辨识,对某型航空发动机进行了设计点处的线性和非线性模型控制仿真.结果表明:控制系统具有满意的动、静态性能和较好的鲁棒性,验证了该方案的可行性和有效性.      

基于最小二乘支持向量机的普通高校招生人数预测研究

近年来普通高校的发展速度与规模,使社会大众兴起了对教育质量与总量的关注。普通高校招生数预测是制定教育政策的重要依据。针对中国文化教育的特征,在统计学习理论和结构风险最小化原理的基础上,建立了基于最小二乘支持向量机的时间序列预测模型。预测结果表明该模型具有较高的预测精度,为普通高校招生数预测提供了一条新的途径。     

基于SVM的浮动车行驶模式判断模型

浮动车在低速情况下存在两种行驶模式,如不能对上述模式进行准确区分,将严重影响浮动车实时路况计算的精度和效率.研究和设计了一个基于支持向量机(SVM,Support Vector Machine)的浮动车行驶模式判断模型,并针对性地提出了一种简单的基于隶属度矩阵的特征评价和选择方法.实验表明通过上述方法选择的特征子集所训练的分类器在测试样本集上具有92.6%的分类准确性;经过行驶模式分析后,浮动车系统的准确性有显著提升.      

空间站乘员睡眠区二氧化碳聚集现象

为了分析乘员在没有良好通风的压力舱内停留时,呼出CO₂的聚集过程并评估其可能导致的医学危害,建立了乘员在特定空间站睡眠舱的计算流体动力学模型,对乘员在睡眠区的呼吸过程进行了非稳态模拟.模拟中乘员的CO₂呼出浓度和肺通气量根据生理实验随CO₂吸入浓度变化.通过模拟给出了睡眠区典型位置处CO₂分压随时间的变化规律.最后提出了无通风条件下乘员在睡眠区停留的最大容许时间,睡眠区CO₂浓度监测仪的布置原则和类似情况下为保障乘员生命安全可采取的一些措施.      

天基信息支援对导弹攻防作战的效用分析

分析了空天一体作战天基装备系统——军事卫星,对导弹攻防作战重要的信息支援效用。建立并阐述了天基军事卫星信息系统信息支援下导弹攻防作战过程模型和影响图模型,对模型进行了详细的分析讨论。     

Algorithmic support of a small-sized navigation system on the basis of the magnetoinertial course transmitter

The algorithmic support of a small-sized navigation system on the basis of the magnetoinertial course transmitter is considered; the support makes it possible to significantly reduce accumulating errors that are due to incomplete data on wind parameters and decrease requirements for random errors of initial data sensors.     

Increased BLSS closure using mineralized human waste in plant cultivation on a neutral substrate

The purpose of this work was to study the full-scale potential use of human mineralized waste (feces and urine) as a source of mineral elements for plant cultivation in a biological life support system (BLSS). Plants that are potential candidates for a photosynthesizing link were grown on a neutral solution containing human mineralized waste. Spring wheat Triticum aestivum L., peas Pisum sativum L. Ambrosia cultivar and leaf lettuce Lactuca sativa L., Vitaminny variety, were used. The plants were grown hydroponically on expanded clay aggregates in a vegetation chamber in constant environmental conditions. During plant growth, a determined amount of human mineralized waste was added daily to the nutrient solution. The nutrient solution remained unchanged throughout the vegetation period. Estimated plant requirements for macro-elements were based on a total biological productivity of 0.04 kg day⁻¹ m⁻². As the plant requirements for potassium exceeded the potassium content of human waste, a water extract of wheat straw containing the required amount of potassium was added to the nutrient solution. The Knop’s solution was used in the control experiments.     

基于有限元分析的综合支架结构设计与优选

本文在分析海洋平台防爆加热器橇块综合支架结构特点的基础上,通过有限元法对综合支架进行强度能力分析,找到该支架结构设计上存在的问题并作了相应的改进设计,使得综合支架的结构在满足强度和刚度的同时减轻了整体的重量,在材料的利用上趋于优化的设计;通过对综合支架的有限元模型施加不同的惯性力.得出不同载荷下综合支架应力变化规律,从而确定出综合支架所能承受的最大惯性力.     

壁面吊挂清洗机器人碰壁缓冲问题研究

从机器人自动上壁及缓冲的需求出发,分析了机器人拉力形成的机理、碰壁的原因和过程.利用空气动力学原理,给出了拉力的计算方法,采用机器人物理样机进行实验,对计算结果进行了验证.在拉力的作用下机器人与壁面贴合,同时伴随碰撞,其间冲击能量的吸收由机器人裙边和支撑机构所构成的缓冲装置承担.前者还要保证机器人贴壁后的密封,因此刚度不宜过大,后者还要保证机器人在壁面上稳定行走,因此它的刚度又不宜过小.给出了缓冲装置刚度的确定方法及其在裙边和支撑机构上的分配准则,可用于工程分析.     

Integration of lessons from recent research for “Earth to Mars” life support systems

Development of reliable and robust strategies for long-term life support for planetary exploration must be built from real-time experimentation to verify and improve system components. Also critical is incorporating a range of viable options to handle potential short-term life system imbalances. This paper revisits some of the conceptual framework for a Mars base prototype which has been developed by the authors along with others previously advanced (“Mars on Earth^®”) in the light of three years of experimentation in the Laboratory Biosphere, further investigation of system alternatives and the advent of other innovative engineering and agri-ecosystem approaches. Several experiments with candidate space agriculture crops have demonstrated the higher productivity possible with elevated light levels and improved environmental controls. For example, crops of sweet potatoes exceeded original Mars base prototype projections by an average of 46% (53% for best crop) ultradwarf (Apogee) wheat by 9% (23% for best crop), pinto bean by 13% (31% for best crop). These production levels, although they may be increased with further optimization of lighting regimes, environmental parameters, crop density etc. offer evidence that a soil-based system can be as productive as the hydroponic systems which have dominated space life support scenarios and research. But soil also offers distinct advantages: the capability to be created on the Moon or Mars using in situ space resources, reduces long-term reliance on consumables and imported resources, and more readily recycling and incorporating crew and crop waste products. In addition, a living soil contains a complex microbial ecosystem which helps prevent the buildup of trace gases or compounds, and thus assist with air and water purification. The atmospheric dynamics of these crops were studied in the Laboratory Biosphere adding to the database necessary for managing the mixed stands of crops essential for supplying a nutritionally adequate diet in space. This paper explores some of the challenges of small bioregenerative life support: air-sealing and facility architecture/design, balance of short-term variations of carbon dioxide and oxygen through staggered plantings, options for additional atmospheric buffers and sinks, lighting/energy efficiency engineering, crop and waste product recycling approaches, and human factor considerations in the design and operation of a Mars base. An “Earth to Mars” project, forging the ability to live sustainably in space (as on Earth) requires continued research and testing of these components and integrated subsystems; and developing a step-by-step learning process.